Reviewer in CL 3RD Qtr

3RD QUARTER
C.LIVING
(Sacraments)

Baptism
Confirmation
Eucharist
Penance
Anointing of the Sick
Matrimony
Order

1. BAPTISM
• Holy Baptism – basis of Christian life; gateway to life;
• Baptism – “New Life with God” ; sacrament of regeneration; necessary for salvation;
• Water – matter being used;
• Form – spoken word; invocation of the Trinity is needed; formula: “ I baptize you in the name of the Father, of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.” ;
• 3 Effects
a) Takes away the original sin
b) Pardons all temporal & eternal punishments
c) Imprints indelible spiritual mark or character
• Minister
a) Priest
b) Deacon
c) Bishop
d) Anybody
• Recipient – a person not yet baptized;
• Manners of Baptism
a) Immersion – dipping or plunging person under water;
b) Ablution or Pouring – pours water on the head;
c) Sprinkling – casting of water from a distance; more than one person can be baptized at the same time;
• Kinds of Baptism
a) Baptism with Water – by immersion or pouring of water on the head;
b) Baptism by Desire – save your soul; those with a sincere heart may achieve eternal salvation;
c) Baptism by Blood – died for Christian faith; “martyrs of the church” ; full remission of sins; privilege into God’s kingdom in heaven;
• Responsibilities/ Mission
a) Priestly – prayers, works, activities;
b) Prophetic – evangelization; being a role model;
c) Kingly – obedient and subject to the will of God; royal freedom was communicated;

2. CONFIRMATION
• Confirmation – “A Renewal of Commitment; confirm the 7 gifts of the Holy Spirit; completion of baptism;
• Matter
a) Imposition of hands
b) Holy Chrism – olive oil (strength) and balsam (fragrance virtue & good odor of Christ)
• Form – “Be sealed wih the gifts of the Holy Spirit.” ;
• Effects
a) Makes us cry, “Abba! Father! “
b) Unites us to Christ
c) Increases gifts of the Holy Spirit
d) Bond with the Church is more perfect
e) Gives strength to face temptations
• Minister
a) Primarily the Bishop – fullness of priesthood;
b) Priest
• Recipient – baptized person not yet confirmed;
• Gifts of the Holy Spirit
a) Wisdom – value heavenly things;
b) Understanding – more receptive in the truths of our faith;
c) Counsel – for God’s glorification; for our redemption;
d) Knowledge – follow the right path; avoid the perils;
e) Piety – holiness; serving the community;
f) Fortitude – makes us strong and courageous;
g) Fear of the Lord – knowledge that sins against God is the greatest of all evils;

3. EUCHARIST
• Eucharist – “Bread of Life” ; also called mass; highest form of prayer; center of all celebrations; receives the body & blood of Christ in appearance of bread & wine; “Do this in remembrance of me”- during Last Supper ; thanksgiving: Eu- well & Charismata- gifts;
• Minister – validly ordained priest;
• Effects
a) Unity with Christ
b) Increase & preservation of sanctifying grace
c) Promise of Perfect Hapiness and Future resurrection
• Sublimity of the Eucharist by St. Thomas Aquinas
a) Source of grace Himself in form of bread & wine
b) Final object of all other sacraments
c) Rites of other sacraments are followed by the Eucharist
• Transubstantiation – transformation of bread & wine into body & blood of Christ; real & actual body & blood of Christ;

• 4 Modes of God’s Presence
a) Community – 2 or more gathered together; Sunday is when people converge to worship and praise God;
b) Minister – acts as “another Christ” ;
c) Bread & Wine – we receive Jesus in form of bread & wine;
d) Word – readings are words of God announcing Gospel of hope, love, & salvation;
• Significant Objects
a) Chalice – cup used to hold wine;
b) Ciborium – a vessel used to hold consecrated bread;
c) Monstrance – exposition of body & blood of Christ; to display the consecrated Eucharist Host;
d) Paten – the plate used to hold bread;
e) Holy Grail – cup used by Jesus during Last Supper; it’s said to possess miraculous powers;
f) Lectionary – contains all readings from Scripture used in celebration of the liturgy;
g) Altar – a table which is the center of importance during Mass; also called “The Table of the Lord” ;
h) Priest – minister of the Eucharist;

4. CONFESSION
• Confession – “Reconciliation with God”; we receive mercy & pardon; to forgive sins that a believer commits after baptism;
• What is this sacrament called?
a) Conversion – life: attitude; returning to the Father;
b) Penance – penalty/ punishment; steps of conversion, penance & satisfaction;
c) Confession – disclosure or confession to sins; acknowledgement & praise of God’s holiness and mercifulness;
d) Forgiveness - absolution; pardon and peace; to err is to divine;
e) Reconciliation – he who lives by God’s merciful love is ready to respond to the Lord’s call;
• Brief History
a) 1st Century - those who commited grave sins(ex. Idolatry, murder, adultery) were tied to a very religious discipline, according to which penitents had to do public penance for their sins;
b) 7th Century - Irish missionaries took the “private” practice of penance;
c) From that time on, the sacrament has been performed in secret between the penitent & priest; possibility of repetition; regular frequenting; forgiveness of grave & venial sins;
• Matter
a) Sin – deliberate; moral evil that is against God and our fellowmen; man’s disobedience;
• Mortal Sins - a complete turning away from God, and turning to creatures; done w/ full consent & knowledge; if he dies w/ mortal sins, he will go to hell;
• Venial Sins - a temporary attachment to created things w/o turning away from God; not done w/ full consent & knowledge; if he dies w/ venial sins, he will go to purgatory;
• Forms of Penance – practice of charity;
a) Fasting
b) Prayer
c) Almsgiving
• Minister of Penance
a) Priest
• Effects
a) Reconciliation w/ God
b) Peace of soul
c) Revival of Merits
• Recipient – baptized person who commits sin after baptism;
• Steps to a Good Confession
a) Examination of Conscience
b) Be sincerely sorry
c) Confess your sins
d) Make sure that you confess all your mortal sins & the number of them;
e) Do the penance the priest gives you

5. ANOINTING OF THE SICK
• Extreme Unction – only for the dying person; changed to Sacrament of Anointing of the Sick;
• Anointing of the Sick – “medicine of God” ; cures and cleanses body & soul who is ill due to sickness or senility(old age);
• Minister – Priest;
• Matter – Holy Oil;
• Recipient – persons who: reached OLD age, in danger of death, becomes ill again;
• Effects
a) Sanctifying grace
b) Forgiveness of venial and mortal sins;
c) Sacramental grace which strengthens soul of sick person
d) Physical strength
• Conferring – priest anoints the forehead & forehand of the sick;

6. MATRIMONY OR MARRIAGE
• Marriage – “A Sacred Commitment” ; two persons who commit themselves to live as husband and wife;
• Purpose – procreation, education for children, mutual satisfaction of both spouses;
• Essential Properties
a) Unity – Christians are not allowed to have several spouses : monogamous institution;
b) Indissolubility – united for life;
• Marriage Contract – sacramental sign; mutual declarations by means of words (I do) or signs;

• Effects
a) Marriage Bond – unites couples; death of one party enables the other to contract a second marriage;
b) Matrimonial Grace – receive sacramental grace to fulfill duties of their state; sanctifying grace strengthens them through their life;
• Ministers
a) Man and Woman – by assenting to other’s word of affirmation;
b) Priest – confirms the consent of marriage & the minister of accompanying rites and rituals;
• Symbols and Actions
a) Holding of Hands – commitment to live as partners for life;
b) Ring – faithfulness; covenant of love and unity;
c) Arrhae – pledge of dedication for the welfare of both husband and wife;
d) Veil – woman’s meekness; oneness as partners;
e) Cord – binds the two in unity as husband and wife;
• Impediments
a) Below the age required
b) Existing Marriage Bond
c) Coercion – being forced;
d) Consanguinity – closely related through blood;
e) Affinity –
f) Clergy – embraced the vows of celibacy;
g) Spiritual Affinity - godparents in baptism cannot marry their godchildren;
h) Legally related – result of adoption;
• Mixed Marriage - marriage between a Catholic & a non-Catholic; Bishop – the only one who permits mixed marriage;


7. PRIESTHOOD OR HOLY ORDER
• Holy Order – “Serving the Church” ; renders spiritual power by teaching, sanctifying, and governing; Christ said to apostles during Last Supper : “Do this in memory of me” ;
• Ministral Priesthood – Catholic priest has a role of being “Alter Christus” or “Another Christ” ; the ordained priest has the power of consecration and absolution;
• Vows
a) Celibacy – state of being unmarried;
b) Obedience – Material obedience : to carry out physical action commanded; Formal obedience : perform an action for it is commanded by a legitimate superior;
c) Poverty – person voluntarily renounces his right of material things;
• Grades of Order
a) Episcopate – Divine Institutions of Bishops;
b) Presbyterate – an office consisting of priests whose main function is to advise the Bishop;
c) Diaconate – deacons or servants who assist the priests;
• Stages
a) Seminary Formation (High School – 4 years)
b) Seminary Formation (Pre-College – 1 year)
c) Seminary Formation (Philosophical Studies – 4 years)
d) Seminary Formation (Theological Studies – 4 years)
e) Pastoral Spiritual Formation Year (1year)
f) Ordination to Diaconate
g) Ordination to Priesthood
• Person to be ordained
a) not forced
b) right intention w/ requisite knowledge
c) good reputation, proven virtue, possess physical and psychological attributes
d) must be 25 yrs. Old
• Effects
a) Grace of Order –
b) Character of Order
c) Power of Order